Sunday, July 29, 2012

The Electoral College Map (7/29/12)

Here's another Friday leftover out of Missouri and a couple of Pennsylvania polls from Susquehanna.

New State Polls (7/29/12)
State
Poll
Date
Margin of Error
Sample
Obama
Romney
Undecided
Poll Margin
FHQ Margin
Missouri
7/23-7/25
+/- 4%
625 likely voters
42
51
5
+9
+6.49
Pennsylvania
3/24-3/28
+/- ??%
700 likely voters
45
45
--
0
+6.12
Pennsylvania
7/19-7/23
+/- 3.46%
800 likely voters
46
43
--
+3
--

Polling Quick Hits:
Missouri:
Maybe St. Louis wasn't really a feasible alternative to Charlotte as a site for the Democratic convention (if the goal was to win the state in which a convention is held). More than anything, Missouri looks less like the reliable bellwether it was throughout the 20th century and more like a comfortable Republican state. Granted, there just has not been that much polling conducted in the Show-Me state, but Missouri has not really "felt" as close as the polls before this past week had indicated. By FHQ's measure, Missouri was straddling the line between a Toss Up Romney state and a Lean Romney state.

Was is the operative word. After a couple of +9 Romney polls this past week (Mason-Dixon and We Ask America), the weighted average for Missouri has pushed Romney's advantage over the president in the state into the heart of the Lean category. Interestingly, the percentage margin in Missouri in November 2008 was nearly 7 points behind the overall popular vote margin. McCain won the state by just .13% while Obama won the national popular vote by a little more than 7 points. I don't want to read too much into this based on polls in or before July, but now in 2012 Missouri is a tad under 7 points in Romney's direction while Obama is widely seen as having a slight advantage nationally. Again, that makes for an nice footnote, but little else at this point.

A question I like more is why Missouri and Indiana have jumped more quickly to the right in surveys thus far in 2012 and North Carolina has not. Those three states were the closest states overall in 2008. Why, then, has the pendulum swung in Missouri and Indiana and not North Carolina? North Carolina has not exactly been underpolled, yet consistently never gives either candidate much more than a 1-3% edge.

Pennsylvania:
FHQ will pass on expounding too much on the state of the race in Pennsylvania. On numbers alone, Pennsylvania is to Obama what Missouri is to Romney. [Yes, that is an overly simplistic view.] Instead, let's focus on the addition of a couple of Susquehanna polls -- one of which is from March and has been missed by a number of other survey aggregators out there. First of all, Susquehanna is a Republican polling firm, and early on seemed to have a bit of a rightward house effect. Romney led a February poll of Pennsylvania and was tied with the president there in a late March survey (see above). One would expect that to serve as something of a drag on the weighted average -- and it does -- but that impact is muted. Recall, that the weighted average discounts older polls. And those February and March polls are pretty heavily discounted at this point. Still, the addition of the two polls did pull the average down some, but not nearly enough to bring it into Toss Up range.

I should also note that Susquehanna also polled Pennsylvania in June and found Obama ahead 48-43. However, that poll is not included either above or in the averages yet because the dates the survey was in the field are unknown. As such, FHQ cannot accurately weight the poll for inclusion in our weighted average. Of all the Susquehanna polls, that June poll is the most consistent with other surveys of Keystone state voters.



This is quickly turning into a something of a daily refrain, but none of the above polls did anything to change the above electoral college map. Both Missouri and Pennsylvania are well within the Lean range -- just on opposite ends of the spectrum. The trend in Missouri is moving more toward Romney, though, while Pennsylvania has held a steady line of late between the two candidates. And that is reflected in the Electoral College Spectrum below. Pennsylvania holds its line in the latest update. On the other hand, Missouri jumps both Arizona and Tennessee, deeper into the Romney list of states. [Side note: Tennessee, for a state that isn't as close as the polls have indicated, needs some new polling. It is not a Lean state.]

The Electoral College Spectrum1
RI-4
(7)2
CT-7
(153)
NH-4
(257)
IN-11
(159)
MS-6
(55)
HI-4
(11)
NJ-14
(167)
OH-183
(275/281)
MT-3
(148)
ND-3
(49)
NY-29
(40)
MN-10
(177)
CO-9
(284/263)
GA-16
(145)
AL-9
(46)
VT-3
(43)
WA-12
(189)
VA-13
(297/254)
WV-5
(129)
KY-8
(37)
MD-10
(53)
NM-5
(194)
IA-6
(303/241)
SC-9
(124)
KS-6
(29)
CA-55
(108)
OR-7
(201)
FL-29
(332/235)
LA-8
(115)
AK-3
(23)
MA-11
(119)
PA-20
(221)
NC-15
(206)
NE-5
(107)
OK-7
(20)
IL-20
(139)
WI-10
(231)
AZ-11
(191)
AR-6
(102)
ID-4
(13)
DE-3
(142)
NV-6
(237)
TN-11
(180)
TX-38
(96)
WY-3
(9)
ME-4
(146)
MI-16
(253)
MO-10
(169)
SD-3
(58)
UT-6
(6)
1 Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.

2 The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, Romney won all the states up to and including Ohio (all Obama's toss up states plus Ohio), he would have 272 electoral votes. Romney's numbers are only totaled through the states he would need in order to get to 270. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and Romney's is on the right in italics.

3 Ohio
 is the state where Obama crosses the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line.

Arbitrary though the lines of demarcation between state are, the current Toss Up, Lean and Strong configuration has done a better job of sorting red states than blue states. That is reflected in a much bluer Watch List below. Of course, the Watch List is to some extent a hostage of where polling is being conducted. There is more volatility/more polling in a group of bluish Toss Up and Lean states than anywhere else. The only red state of consequence now is North Carolina. Neither Georgia nor West Virginia are states that are going to shift toward Obama much less cast their electoral votes for the president.

That said, the list just lost another red state, Missouri. The Show-Me state, as was mentioned above, has shifted more toward Romney and more firmly into the Lean category.

The Watch List1
State
Switch
Georgia
from Strong Romney
to Lean Romney
Michigan
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
Nevada
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
New Hampshire
from Toss Up Obama
to Lean Obama
New Mexico
from Strong Obama
to Lean Obama
North Carolina
from Toss Up Romney
to Toss Up Obama
Washington
from Strong Obama
to Lean Obama
West Virginia
from Strong Romney
to Lean Romney
Wisconsin
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
1 Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.

Please see:



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Saturday, July 28, 2012

The Electoral College Map (7/28/12)

There were some leftovers from Friday:

New State Polls (7/28/12)
State
Poll
Date
Margin of Error
Sample
Obama
Romney
Undecided
Poll Margin
FHQ Margin
North Dakota
7/24-7/26
+/- 4.9%
400 likely voters
35
54
12
(includes "other" responses)
+19
+16.46
Ohio
7/23-7/24
+/- 4.01%
597 likely voters
45
43
3
+2
+3.95

Polling Quick Hits:
North Dakota:
What a difference four years makes. At this point in 2008, North Dakota was a toss up state by FHQ's measure; closer than eventual blue states Florida, Indiana and North Carolina.1 That is either an indictment of the methodology or a cautionary tale about placing too much faith in the predictive power of polls conducted during or before July. Given how things ended up in November, I am comfortable saying it was the latter. The 2008 polling of the Peace Garden state up to July showed a race in the low to mid-single digits (in both directions: Obama & McCain).

North Dakota ultimately ended up in the McCain column in November, but the Arizona senator's advantage in vote share was just less than 9 points. In July that would have been a Lean McCain state.  In 2012, Romney's advantage -- according to FHQ's weighted average -- is about eight points greater than the Republican vote share in 2008 and more than 15 points greater than the simple average of polls at this point in the race in 2008. North Dakota is firmly on Romney's side of the ledger.

Ohio:
I said quite a bit about Ohio yesterday, so I'll keep it brief here. This Magellan poll at +2 Obama is probably a better snapshot of the Buckeye state than the +8 Obama We Ask American survey. It is closer to the FHQ weighted average anyway. In the terms of yesterday's discussion, the Magellan poll finds Obama at the very bottom of this Ohio range and Romney right in the middle of his more widely dispersed set of poll points. Look, Ohio is going to be right there as a potential tipping point state unless something comes along to fundamentally alter the outlook of this race. A Portman selection as Romney's running mate would change things, but probably not enough to consider that the type of fundamental shift to which I'm referring. But it would have an effect.



Neither poll did enough to the weighted averages in either state to change the electoral college map. The Electoral College Spectrum saw North Dakota switch places with Mississippi, but that is more a cosmetic change than a consequential one. Again, North Dakota is a Romney state and that isn't going to change.

The Electoral College Spectrum1
RI-4
(7)2
CT-7
(153)
NH-4
(257)
IN-11
(159)
MS-6
(55)
HI-4
(11)
NJ-14
(167)
OH-183
(275/281)
MT-3
(148)
ND-3
(49)
NY-29
(40)
MN-10
(177)
CO-9
(284/263)
GA-16
(145)
AL-9
(46)
VT-3
(43)
WA-12
(189)
VA-13
(297/254)
WV-5
(129)
KY-8
(37)
MD-10
(53)
NM-5
(194)
IA-6
(303/241)
SC-9
(124)
KS-6
(29)
CA-55
(108)
OR-7
(201)
FL-29
(332/235)
LA-8
(115)
AK-3
(23)
MA-11
(119)
PA-20
(221)
NC-15
(206)
NE-5
(107)
OK-7
(20)
IL-20
(139)
WI-10
(231)
MO-10
(191)
AR-6
(102)
ID-4
(13)
DE-3
(142)
NV-6
(237)
AZ-11
(181)
TX-38
(96)
WY-3
(9)
ME-4
(146)
MI-16
(253)
TN-11
(170)
SD-3
(58)
UT-6
(6)
1 Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.

2 The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, Romney won all the states up to and including Ohio (all Obama's toss up states plus Ohio), he would have 272 electoral votes. Romney's numbers are only totaled through the states he would need in order to get to 270. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and Romney's is on the right in italics.

3 Ohio
 is the state where Obama crosses the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line.

The We Ask American Ohio poll put the Buckeye state on the Watch List, but the Magellan poll recalibrated the weighted average just enough to pull it back off again. Other than that the list remains unchanged.

The Watch List1
State
Switch
Georgia
from Strong Romney
to Lean Romney
Michigan
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
Missouri
from Lean Romney
to Toss Up Romney
Nevada
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
New Hampshire
from Toss Up Obama
to Lean Obama
New Mexico
from Strong Obama
to Lean Obama
North Carolina
from Toss Up Romney
to Toss Up Obama
Washington
from Strong Obama
to Lean Obama
West Virginia
from Strong Romney
to Lean Romney
Wisconsin
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
1 Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.


Please see:

--
1 Note that the July 30 electoral college post in 2008 is when the at that point yet to be named -- or fully formed for that matter -- Electoral College Spectrum made its first appearance. 


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Friday, July 27, 2012

The Electoral College Map (7/27/12)

FHQ most often takes a micro view of presidential elections. And while here are regular attempts to couch state-level dynamics in broader terms, I cannot help but feel the macro view can get lost in a sea of commentary on the context -- or (lack of) impact -- of individual polls. While there were a couple of new surveys out today from two seemingly consequential states in the race for electoral votes, the real news was the release of the first estimate of second quarter economic growth. Polls go up and polls go down over almost any interval, but a presidential election can often be boiled down to fundamentals like presidential approval and/or the state of the economy. And the state of the economy at the conclusion of the second quarter has typically been a pretty good indicator of the fate of the incumbent (or incumbent party in the White House).

The FHQ weighted averages currently show Obama with a fairly significant lead when they are filtered through the electoral college and quantified in that way. But a 1.5% rate of GDP growth does not necessarily jibe well with that conclusion. In fact, the shrinking level of growth portends a very close election. [See graphic and discussion from Seth Masket for more.] That is not all that different from the outlook most who construct and look at political science elections forecasts had before the numbers were released, but now we're able to plug in a pretty reliable indicator of incumbent party/candidate success in the general election into a parsimonious model and project the impact.

As I have stated before, the electoral vote totals are here and updated daily (no change in the tally through two weeks of updates), but we really should not be focusing too heavily on those yet. The handful of toss up states that are on the board tilt ever so slightly toward Obama at the moment. That can and will likely change over time. But a close election in terms of the popular vote does not necessarily translate into a close outcome in the electoral college as in 2000 or 2004. Look no further than 1960 for an example. But 2012 isn't quite that close.

...yet.

New State Polls (7/27/12)
State
Poll
Date
Margin of Error
Sample
Obama
Romney
Undecided
Poll Margin
FHQ Margin
Ohio
7/24
+/- 3%
1115 likely voters
47.84
40.20
9.93
+7.64
+4.09
Wisconsin
7/25
+/- 4.5%
500 likely voters
49
46
4
+3
+5.98

Polling Quick Hits:
Ohio:
I snarkily said that not even the Priorities USA survey in Florida showed as sizable a margin as the Survey USA poll released late last week in the Sunshine state. [That probably isn't fair to Garin, Hart and Yang -- the polling group that surveyed Florida on behalf of the Democratic-aligned group.] However, the same comment can be used on the new We Ask America survey of Ohio. Not even the June Priorities USA poll of the Buckeye state showed as wide a margin there as the +8 advantage WAA found for Obama.

We should expect variability from poll to poll. Period. This poll is in the same direction as all the polling conducted in Ohio through June and July and joins a handful of other surveys that show a wider Obama lead. The key here at Nate Cohn I think accurately stated (via Twitter) is that Ohio is more about Romney losing ground than Obama gaining. And that's right. Obama has consistently landed in the 45-50% range in Ohio polling. Mitt Romney, on the other hand, has had a range twice as large, bouncing around between 38-48%. Most polls find the former Massachusetts governor in the mid- to low 40s. The key is going to be how that 7.5% of undecideds breaks (FHQ weighted average of undecideds in Ohio).

Wisconsin:
Things in the Badger state tightened a touch, but that is about all. The +3 Obama edge in the newly released Rasmussen poll actually in an improvement upon the the firm's June survey in the state that showed Romney -- not Obama -- ahead by three. Rasmussen continues to be the only polling outlet with Wisconsin results any closer than around five points. They pull the weighted average down some, but not outside of the lean category.


All told, neither poll did anything to alter either the map or the positioning of Ohio and Wisconsin on the Electoral College Spectrum. Ohio remains the pivotal state where either candidate would surpass the 270 electoral votes needed to win the White House. Wisconsin joins a group with Michigan and Nevada straddling the line between toss up and lean while still favor Obama by greater than 5%.

While I'm on the subject of Wisconsin, I should take the time to address Peter Hamby's examination of electoral college tie scenarios. Wisconsin and Pennsylvania figured heavily in several of them. Now, changes can and will occur between now and election day, but any projection that has Mitt Romney taking either or both of Wisconsin and Pennsylvania while Obama wins North Carolina and/or Virginia to force an electoral college tie -- or any other electoral college outcome for that matter -- just isn't that plausible. The Electoral College Spectrum below demonstrates why. Realistically, if Romney wins Pennsylvania and/or Wisconsin, then all of the middle column states in light blue are likely going to come along for the ride. Again, think about a pendulum swing where there is a certain ordering of states and not about campaigns picking and choosing -- and ultimately peeling off -- one target state on an island. An electoral college tie is possible, it just isn't probable. And if we're hunting for one, look for scenarios that divide the toss up states in blue in the middle column.

The Electoral College Spectrum1
RI-4
(7)2
CT-7
(153)
NH-4
(257)
IN-11
(159)
ND-3
(55)
HI-4
(11)
NJ-14
(167)
OH-183
(275/281)
MT-3
(148)
MS-6
(52)
NY-29
(40)
MN-10
(177)
CO-9
(284/263)
GA-16
(145)
AL-9
(46)
VT-3
(43)
WA-12
(189)
VA-13
(297/254)
WV-5
(129)
KY-8
(37)
MD-10
(53)
NM-5
(194)
IA-6
(303/241)
SC-9
(124)
KS-6
(29)
CA-55
(108)
OR-7
(201)
FL-29
(332/235)
LA-8
(115)
AK-3
(23)
MA-11
(119)
PA-20
(221)
NC-15
(206)
NE-5
(107)
OK-7
(20)
IL-20
(139)
WI-10
(231)
MO-10
(191)
AR-6
(102)
ID-4
(13)
DE-3
(142)
NV-6
(237)
AZ-11
(181)
TX-38
(96)
WY-3
(9)
ME-4
(146)
MI-16
(253)
TN-11
(170)
SD-3
(58)
UT-6
(6)
1 Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.

2 The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, Romney won all the states up to and including Ohio (all Obama's toss up states plus Ohio), he would have 272 electoral votes. Romney's numbers are only totaled through the states he would need in order to get to 270. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and Romney's is on the right in italics.

3 Ohio
 is the state where Obama crosses the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line.

Though the map and Spectrum were unchanged relative to Thursday's update, the two polls that were released today did add a couple of new states to the Watch List. Ohio is now within a fraction of a point of jumping into the Lean Obama category and Wisconsin is now just in range of a shift to Toss Up Obama. As always, of states where polls are most likely to make a difference -- in the FHQ weighted average -- the following are the ones to eye most closely.

The Watch List1
State
Switch
Georgia
from Strong Romney
to Lean Romney
Michigan
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
Missouri
from Lean Romney
to Toss Up Romney
Nevada
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
New Hampshire
from Toss Up Obama
to Lean Obama
New Mexico
from Strong Obama
to Lean Obama
North Carolina
from Toss Up Romney
to Toss Up Obama
Ohio
from Toss Up Obama
to Lean Obama
Washington
from Strong Obama
to Lean Obama
West Virginia
from Strong Romney
to Lean Romney
Wisconsin
from Lean Obama
to Toss Up Obama
1 Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.


Please see:



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